Gagne's Nine Levels of Learning

Gagne's Nine Levels of Learning model gives trainers and educators a checklist to use before they engage in teaching or training activities. Each step highlights a form of communication that aids the learning process. When each step is completed in turn, learners are much more likely to be engaged and to retain the information or skills that they're being taught.

If you use this approach before any type of training session or presentation, you'll remember how to structure your session so that your people get the best possible learning experience.

Source:

https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/gagne.htm

Hierarki Pembelajaran Gagne

Gagne memperkenalkan 8 jenis tahap pembelajaran mengikut kesukaran

•PEMBELAJARAN ISYARAT

-Berlaku secara semula jadi dan tidak sengaja

-Kemahiran prasyarat perlu dimiliki seseorang.

-Contoh: Loceng sekolah berbunyi pada pukul 10.00 am menandakan waktu rehat.

-Ransangan positif dapat menyeronokkan PdP.

•PEMBELAJARAN RANSANGAN/TINDAK BALAS

-Proses peneguhan penting.

-Memberi ganjaran apabila pelajar telah berjaya melakukan kerja yang disuruh.

•PEMBELAJARAN RANGKAIAN

-Penggabungan beberapa bahan ransangan yang menghasilkan gerak balas.

-Selalunya digunakan berbentuk ABM atau semasa set induksi

-Turut menghasilkan tindak balas berbentuk urutan.

•PERTALIAN BAHASA

-Menggunakan bahasa untuk mengaitkan pembelajaran.

-Memerlukan proses ulangan untuk menjamin peneguhan.

•PEMBELAJARAN DISKRIMINASI

-Pembelajaran berfokus kepada cara untuk membezakan ciri-ciri sesuatu objek/keadaan.

-Pelajar perlu membezakan pelbagai ransangan yang seakan sama untuk menghasilkan tindak balas yang khusus.

•PEMBELAJARAN KONSEP

-Guru membimbing pelajar kenal pasti ciri-ciri tertentu berdasarkan konsep yang dipelajari.

-Melalui contoh-contoh yang jelas.

•PEMBELAJARAN HUKUM

-Gabungan 2 atau lebih konsep berkaitan mengikut urutan.

-Libatkan : rumus, prinsip, teori dan generalisasi

•PEMBELAJARAN MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH

-Terdapat langkah2 yang tersendiri:

a.Mengenal masalah

b.Mencari maklumat

c.Membuat hipotesis

d.Pilih cara selesaikan masalah

e.Uji hipotesis

f.rumusan

RUJUKAN:

Gagne, R. & Driscoll, M. (1988). Essentials of Learning for Instruction (2nd Ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Jom Pinterest!!

Dalam bengkel pembinaan Bahan Sumber BM & BI pada 6 Oktober yang lalu, saya telah memperkenalkan aplikasi Pinterest kepada semua peserta. Ternyata ramai peserta yang masih belum mengetahui tentang mudahnya berkongsi bahan PdP melalui Pinterest. Terlalu banyak idea praktikal yang dapat mereka lihat melalui aplikasi tersebut, Antara tugasan yang mereka perlu lakukan ialah mendaftar dalam aplikasi tersebut dan mencipta "board" mereka . Bagi yang lebih maju, mereka perlu menge"pin" gambar berkenaan PdP dalam board saya iaitu FiTCL (Fun Learning+iThink+Cooperative Learning)

Berikut adalah slaid tentang bagaimana mendaftar akaun Pinterest. 

https://goo.gl/SHDWdl

NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER (English Version)

Read more about Numbered Heads Together from these links:

http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/4772
http://www.interventioncentral.org/cooperative_learning_numbered_heads_together

TALKING CHIPS AND CLASSROOM COMMUNICATION. HERE'S A BRIEF EXPLANATION

TALKING CHIPS: Literature Review

Talking Chips is a Kagan strategy that teaches students the techniques of polite discussion and debate.

Arnold, E (1983) states that speaking has several important functions. First, it facilitates students to analyze the information, problems, and conditions requiring the formation of attitudes. Second, it helps students to create effective communication.  Finally, it helps students to pronounce the words correctly.  On the other hand,  Harmer, J (1993) states that there are three stages in teaching speaking namely introduction new language, practice, and communicative activity. Kagan,S (2010)  points out that Talking Chips Technique is a technique in teaching speaking which makes the students work in group. Then, applying the Talking Chips Technique, students will be given chips and the chips are used every time they speak. They must put the chips at the center of table. It is done until all the chips are used. If the chips are used, the students may not speak until the chips of all members of the group have been used. If all the chips have been used,  while the task has not finished, the students can be given the chips again. The procedures of Talking Chips are also proposed by Kagan, S (2010). The procedures are as in the following. - Teacher provides a discussion topic. - Any student begins the discussion, placing his or her chip in the center of the team table. - Any student with a chip continues discussion, using his or her chip. - When all chips are used, teammates all collect their chips and continue the discussion using their talking chips. - During the students speak about the topic, Accuracy and fluency of students will be observed. Besides, in evaluation, the students will be assessed either their fluency or accuracy.

References

1. Arnold, E. (1983)Starting to teach study skill. London: Edward Arnold Ltd, 1983, pp.112.

2. Kagan, S(2010). Cooperative learning. San Clemente, CA: Kagan Publishing. Retrieved April 12nd, 2010, from http://www.gdrc.org/kmgmt/c- learn/methods.html, 1992, pp. 17.

3. Harmer, J (1993). The Practice of English Language Teaching. London: Longman, 1993.