Cooperative learning is an organized and structured way to use small groups to enhance student learning and interdependence. Cooperative learning is sometimes thought of simply as 'group work,' but groups of students working together might not be working collaboratively. Students are given a task, better known as an assignment, and they work together to accomplish this task. Each individual has responsibilities and is held accountable for aiding in the completion of the assignment; therefore, success is dependent on the work of everyone in the group. Several studies have found that when students work together to accomplish a group goal, they come to express norms in favour of doing whatever is necessary for the group to succeed (Deutsch, 1949; Thomas, 1957 in Slavin, 1995)
Pembelajaran koperatif ialah kaedah yang berstruktur, dipraktikkan di dalam kumpulan kecil untuk menjana proses pembelajaran dan saling bergantung yang lebih berkesan. Ramai yang menyangka bahawa pembelajaran koperatif adalah melalui kerja kumpulan sahaja. Pandangan ini tidak menepati Pembelajaran koperatif kerana dalam kerja kumpulan, tidak semua murid dapat dilibatkan, kerana tiada peranan khusus diberikan kepada mereka. Mereka tidak berkolaborasi dalam menjalankan tugasan yang diberi. Berbeza dengan pembelajaran koperatif, setiap individu mempunyai tanggungjawab yang spesifik dan kejayaan kumpulan adalah kejayaan setiap ahli. Beberapa kajian menunjukkan bahawa pelajar akan lebih terbuka dan beusaha untuk mencuba sedaya upaya bagi memastikan kejayaan kumpulan mereka, ia menjadi satu norma apabila pelajar berkerjasama dalam mencapai matlamat kumpulan. (Deutsch, 1949; Thomas, 1957 dalam Slavin, 1995).
In addition to learning from each other, students also learn how to work as part of a team and have others depend on them. The success of an effective implementation of cooperative learning begins with good classroom management. You'll need to have a clearly defined set of procedures so that the children know your expectations. One of the strategies is to implement the traffic light strategies to minimize noise level, increase students' participation and encourage positive behaviour in the classroom.
atau idea. Guru bertanyakan soalan dan muris memberi maklum balas dengan menunjukkan kad mereka. Pada waktu yang sama, guru dapat membuat perubahan atau meneruskan proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran berdasarkan pencapaian murid.
References:
1. Deutsch, M, (1949). A theory of cooperation and competition. Human Relations, 2, 129-152
2. Slavin, R. E. (1995). Cooperative Learning. Theory, Research and Practice. Allyn & Bacon, 16-17
3. Thomas, E. J. (1957) Effects of facilitative role interdependence on group functioning. Human relations, 10, 347-366
